「as well as 」は日本人学者が英語論文を書く際に最もよく誤用される表現の１つです。

その誤りの多くは「as well as」が「and」と同様に使用できるという誤解に起因するものです。実際のところ、2つの表現は類似した意味を持ってはいますが、それらの間には意味上、および文法上の重要な違いがあります。

「as well as」は、「and」と似た意味を示す場合には、前置詞の働きをし、「and」よりむしろ「in addition to」に近い意味を持っていると言えます。それゆえ、「A as well as B」と表現する場合、「A and B」が表す「AとBは等価である」という「対称性」は持たず、むしろ「BだけではなくAも」、「Bと同様にAも」、「BはもちろんだがAも」、「Bに加えてAも」というように、AとBの関係の「非対称性」を示します。

as well asの誤用及び修正例

以下に「as well as」によく見られる誤用およびその修正例を示します。

[誤] Here, we investigate all three of these methods, and we find that the first method as well as the second method are applicable to systems of long homopolymers.
[正] Here, we investigate all three of these methods, and we find that the first method and the second method are applicable to systems of long homopolymers.

 

[誤] This type of condition is seen in the cases of blunt trauma as well as shaking trauma.
[正] This type of condition is seen in the cases of blunt trauma and shaking trauma.
[正] This type of condition is seen in the case of blunt trauma, as well as shaking trauma.

 

[誤] This theory has been successfully applied to the study of the demographic transition, urbanization and specialization, as well as increased standard of living.
[正] This theory has been successfully applied to the study of the demographic transition, urbanization and specialization, and increased standard of living.
[正] This theory has been successfully applied to the study of the demographic transition and urbanization and specialization, in addition to that of increased standard of living.

 

[誤] Here, we consider the five points raised by Miller in his treatment of parliamentary republics. However, we study these in a broader context that includes parliamentary republics as well as presidential republics.
[正] Here, we consider the five points raised by Miller in his treatment of parliamentary republics. However, we study these in a broader context that includes presidential republics as well as parliamentary republics.

[誤] Experiments were performed for the cases of both increasing temperature as well as decreasing temperature.
[正] Experiments were performed for the cases of both increasing temperature and decreasing temperature.
[正] Experiments were performed for the case of increasing temperature as well as decreasing temperature.

 

[注1] 「as well as」には主な用法が2つあります。そのひとつはここで取り扱うもので、もうひとつは「as [副詞・形容詞] as」という一般的なパターンの一例として、つまり「～と同じ程度によく（うまく）」という意味で用いられる場合です。後者の用法では「in as satisfactory a way as」、「with equal skill as」、「with equal thoroughness as」、「as carefully as」、「to the same degree/extent as」、「as much as」などの表現と同じ意味を持ちます。そのような意味で用いられる場合、誤用は比較的少ないのでここでは取り扱いません。また、標準的ではない用法もいくつか存在しますが、それらをここで考察することはしません。

詳しい解説についてはグレン・パケット：『科学論文の英語用法百科〈第1編〉よく誤用される単語と表現』（京都大学学術出版会，2004）の第19章をご参照ください。

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化学論文での「as well as」の利用例

Typically, a [3]-ladderane is attached to the central sn-2 position by an ether linkage; [5]- and [3]-ladderane lipids, as well as common straight-chain lipids, are found ether- or ester-linked at the sn-1 position. 引用: 10.1021/jacs.6b10706

According to Blanchet’s research, this catalyst was successfully applied to the direct amidation of aliphatic, α- hydroxyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic acids, and N-Boc-protected amino acids as well as primary, secondary, and heterocyclic amines. 引用：10.1021/acs.joc.6b02358

Ideally, this alternative activation mode would provide complimen- tary periselectivity, as well as enable cycloaddition with partners other than alkenes. 引用：10.1038/NCHEM.2594